Soft X-ray spectroscopy of clusters, surfaces and interfaces |
Free-electron lasers such as FLASH at DESY in Hamburg and LCLS in Stanford provide ultra-short, coherent XUV- and x-ray pulses with unprecedented brilliance. We develope new methods and new instrumentation to characterize the properties of these FEL sources and to study ultrafast dynamics and nonlinear processes with time-resolved x-ray spectroscopy.