Schematic of the photoemission ToF momentum microscope and some exemplary experimental results.
Soft X-ray spectroscopy of clusters, surfaces and interfaces |
Photoemission spectroscopy (PES) is a powerful technique, which allows investigating the electronic properties of solid systems and molecules. When used in combination with high repetition rate free electron lasers in the XUV and soft X-ray regime such as FLASH (DESY, Hamburg) or with the table-top laser systems based on the high harmonic generation (HHG) it has a high potential for time-resolved PES. The possibility to use both X-ray and laser pulses with time duration of few tens of femtoseconds will allow to access ultrafast electronic phenomena, lattice dynamics and chemical reactions. The photo-emitted electrons carry all the information regarding the electronic states of the system in the photo-generated non-equilibrium state. To fully exploit this information, it is necessary to use very efficient detection schemes for the photoelectrons, such as a time-of-flight momentum microscope. The momentum microscope allows simultaneous detection of the entire band structure with unprecedented efficiency in the full surface Brillouin zone with up to 8 Å-1 diameter and several eV binding energy range, resolving about 2.5x105 voxels, or the angular pattern of core level photoelectrons, respectively, for each time step in a pump-probe experiment. The novel experimental approach envisioned here combines time- and momentum-resolved photoelectron, parallel spin detection, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and x-ray photoelectron diffraction (XPD) into a single experiment and can directly probe and disentangle the fundamental interactions behind these different emergent properties.
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